Template:Shared Draft 180

=Unsorted Notes=
 * Terms
 * Cloning (クローニング) (is this one used in text?)
 * Clone (クローン)
 * Clone, Cloning
 * Opening
 * Cloning (クローニング) is the process of creating a genetically identical copy, a clone (クローン), of a source organism...
 * Cloning plays an important role in the Toaru series, with the Sisters, mass-produced clones of Misaka Mikoto, being a key part of the plans and events surrounding the Science Side.


 * Etymology
 * Derived from Ancient Greek, κλών/klōn (meaning "twig"), refers to process where new plant can be created from a twig
 * Cases
 * Human Cloning
 * Sisters and related (Radio Noise Project, Level 6 Shift Project, Third Season)
 * Non-Human Cloning
 * Cloned meat in Academy City (NT11Pr/NT14Ch2Pt9)
 * Flower Resistance (NT22R)
 * Biohacker? (Biohacker SS)
 * Similar things in magic
 * Need to gather relevant information and references for processing.
 * Not planning to have every single little thing involving the Sisters in the Chronology section. The plan for the Chronology is to have the things pertaining to cloning and clones.
 * Sisters image caption idea, something along the lines of: "The Sisters, clones of Misaka Mikoto and the most notable case of cloning in the Toaru series."
 * Similar but not same: Chemicaloid Project
 * Place in the "Clone" in "Clone Dolly" temporarily to separate those items during the linking sweeps?
 * Clon-
 * clon-
 * Use of term 'clone' in other contexts: Decoys, general non-genetic copies (Principles, Other/Trivia?) - AIM Clone, Golem, kagebunshin ('shadow clone')
 * Given the ramifications of human cloning, ethical and otherwise, it is illegal under international law. Academy City supposedly abides by these laws, though the city has pursued and carried out human cloning in secret, as shown with the Sisters.

atwiki:
 * AIM Clone: Struggle Battle ability
 * Clone Dolly
 * Misaka Network
 * Radio Noise Project
 * Personal Reality
 * Sisters
 * Dolly
 * Full Tuning

Chronology:
 * Index
 * OT
 * RN/Lv6 Shift Projects
 * Gemstone Mining - risk, illegality, silencing George Kingdom
 * Third Season
 * NT
 * GT
 * Railgun
 * Sisters Arc
 * Dream Ranker Arc (cyborg comment)

Principles:
 * Possibility: Introduction (Methods, Womb/Tank), Human Cloning, Other (Non-Science?, similar?)
 * Sisters notes:


 * The method generally used when artificially cloning an organism is a process known as (SCNT). The process requires a viable  from the organism to be cloned and an unfertilized egg cells, with its cell nucleus (containing DNA) removed. The cell nucleus is removed from the somatic cell and inserted into the egg cell. Stimulation may be provided to get the cell division going. Once it is ready, it is either implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother or (as in the case of the Sisters), grown within a special cultivation tank filled with a culture fluid.
 * Railgun V4/Index V3: Zid-02, Riz-13, Hel-03
 * Note regarding reduced lifespan, contemporary circumstances regarding Dolly the sheep (died 2003, series start 2004, speculation at the time, new research results in 2010s)
 * The first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell using the nuclear transfer process and the most famous cloned animal,, the namesake of both the Clone Dolly Workshop and the prototype clone Dolly, died in 2003 (the year before the first volume of Toaru Majutsu no Index was released) at a relatively young age, being euthanized due to health problems including a progressive lung disease and arthiritis. Though Dolly's death was largely the result of factors unconnected to the cloning process, there was speculation that her early death might have been the result of advanced aging, in part due to Dolly being noted to have shortened telomeres. (Thoughts contrary at the time) and in the 2010s, cloned sheeps from the same line as Dolly have not experienced the same...
 * The first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell using the nuclear transfer process and the most famous cloned animal,, the namesake of both the Clone Dolly Workshop and the prototype clone Dolly, died in 2003 (the year before the first volume of Toaru Majutsu no Index was released) at a relatively young age, being euthanized due to health problems including a progressive lung disease and arthiritis. Though Dolly's death was largely the result of factors unconnected to the cloning process, there was speculation that her early death might have been the result of advanced aging, in part due to Dolly being noted to have shortened telomeres. (Thoughts contrary at the time) and in the 2010s, cloned sheeps from the same line as Dolly have not experienced the same...

Background:
 * Early cloning stuff
 * Sisters - start

TrackTag Search Results

 * Sweep to separate Clone Dolly before the link implementation sweep (complete)
 * "Clon"- sweep with TT31 complete
 * Sweep to identify W-links for cloning/clone

"Clon"-

"clon"-

Clone Dolly:

"Clon"-, Non-"Clone Dolly"

TrackTag Search Results (2)
Multiple Edit Items: Temporarily tagged with TT6

TrackTag Search Results (3)
Remaining tagged "clon"- instances

Links

History

Tags removed from: Sister clones

Toaru Kagaku no Railgun Episode 11‎‎ Toaru Idol no Accelerator-sama Manga Chapter 001‎‎ Science Guardian‎‎ S-Processor Laboratories‎‎ Julian Restaurant‎‎ Ichihanaran Festival Arc‎‎ Daihasei Festival Arc (Index)‎‎ Chemicaloid Project‎‎ Baggage City Arc‎‎

=Temporary Gallery=


 * Accel E01/2 tank photo?
 * Railgun Ch19 - cell?

=Cloning, Article Draft=

Opening
Cloning (クローニング) is the process of creating a genetically identical copy, a clone (クローン), of a source organism.

Etymology
The term 'clone' was derived from Ancient Greek κλών/klōn (meaning "twig"), referencing to the where a new plant can be created from a  of an existing one.

Principles

 * Opening paragraph

The method generally used when artificially cloning an animal organism is a process known as (SCNT). The process requires a viable from the organism to be cloned and an unfertilized egg cells, with its cell nucleus (containing DNA) removed. The cell nucleus is removed from the somatic cell and inserted into the egg cell. Stimulation may be provided to get the cell division going. Once it is ready, it is either implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother or (as in the case of the Sisters), grown within a special cultivation tank filled with a culture fluid.

Given the ramifications of human cloning, ethical and otherwise, it is illegal under international law. Academy City supposedly abides by these laws,  though the city has actually pursued and carried out human cloning in secret, as shown with the Sisters.

An ancient variation of cloning used in horticulture for (from which the term derives its name), involves taking a viable  from a plant (often a piece of the stem or root, but sometimes a piece of leaf) and placing into a suitable medium, like moist soil, with the cutting growing into a new plant if the conditions are right.

Sisters
The most prominent examples of human cloning are the Sisters, mass-produced clones of Level 5 esper Misaka Mikoto, secretly devised and created as part of the Radio Noise and the Level 6 Shift Projects.

Using Misaka Mikoto's DNA map and somatic cells from a sample of her hair, acquired by researchers under the pretext of applications for treating muscular dystrophy and added to the Bank,  fertilized egg cells were created via SCNT-based methods and grown within cultivation chambers. While in the culture fluid, the clones were exposed to a number of drugs, including Zid-02, Riz-13 and Hel-03, in order to stimulate rapid biological development, growing from a zygote to the body of a 14 year old teenager in 14 days. Released from the containers with the mentality of a newborn infant, Testaments were used to install information into their brains.

The treatment for stimulating rapid growth and additional adjustments drastically reduced the clones' already shortened lifespan,  such that they would have only had around 1 or 2 years left without further adjustments to eliminate the hormone imbalances resulting from the stimulation and correct the rate of cell division, with a good portion of life span recoverable in this way.

While the Sisters are Electromasters like Misaka Mikoto, they are only Level 2-Level 3 as opposed to Level 5, with the prediction of them only having a tiny fraction of the original's power resulting in the suspension of the original Radio Noise Project, which aimed to mass-produce Level 5 clones for military purposes, with the subsequent repurposing as fodder for Accelerator's development in the Level 6 Shift Project (itself a cover). The brainwave network between the Sisters, the Misaka Network, played a key role in Aleister's Plan, with Last Order (#20001) acting as the control tower. Before the mass-production of the Sisters, a prototype clone (#0), Dolly, was created as part of a pair to test the cloning technology and the shared network, with Full Tuning (#00000) prior to Misaka 1. At least one older next-generation clone, Misaka Worst, was created for the Third Season prior to its suspension.

Principles:
 * Sisters notes:

<!-- Radio Noise Project (計画) or Sisters Project was originally a project that intended to use clones of Misaka Mikoto—a level 5 esper, for military purposes. The clones were then later re-used for the Level 6 Shift experiments, so that Accelerator, the strongest level 5 in Academy City, could reach level 6.

Concept and Creation
According to the report in one of the computers at Higuchi Pharmacology Laboratory 7 of the Higuchi Pharmacies, one can successfully produce fertilized eggs of Misaka Mikoto, a clone, using the somatic cells extracted from Mikoto’s hair.

Using the drug Zid-02, Riz-13, and Hel-03 significantly reduces the time the mind and body of the clone needs to grow to the same state as that of Mikoto as well as input necessary information is that of roughly 14 days.

Cultivation tanks are used for the development of the clones, and the Testament machine created by Nunotaba Shinobu will be used to input basic intracerebral information into the clones.

The entire process of creating a clone is apparently equivalent to the cost of 180,000 yen each.

Prior to the mass production of clones, Dolly was created in order to research on how to make clones live long enough. She was also an experiment on how to create an information sharing network between the clones, the Misaka Network.

It is later shown that due to the clones having an accelerated growth due to drugs and hormones, that their bodies began to deteriorate and lifespans shortened after prolonged periods, though they simply require readjustments to enable them to survive.

Background
Mikoto willingly gave a DNA sample to the researchers at the 7th Medical Research Center of the Higuchi Pharmacies, under assumption that they would use it to help children who are living with muscular dystrophy; using her powers to replicate bio-signs, they had her believe they could control the bioelectrical signal of the body and reroute it to a nerve signal network, meaning the children would be able to gain control of said muscles, thus allowing movement.

This was a complete fabrication, as the true purpose of using Mikoto's DNA was to create a clone of Misaka Mikoto—the 'Railgun'.

Failure of the First Production Plan
Before mass production of the clones could begin, the simulation that the Tree Diagram produced showed that it was impossible to create a level 5 clone of Mikoto despite genetic manipulation and use of the Testament. It showed that the clones' specifications reached less than 1% of that of the real Mikoto's, which was equal to that of a level 2.

To cut losses, the project was suspended indefinitely, all ongoing research stopped, research teams were dissolved, and data on the project purged. As a result, Amai Ao, fell into a huge debt, and eagerly joined Level 6 Shift to cover it.

Second Production Plan: Level 6 Shift
However, the Level 6 Shift program – an experiment designed to make Accelerator, the strongest level 5 in Academy City reach level 6 – reused the project. The project began after Tree Diagram calculated that Accelerator killing Mikoto 128 times in battle, would allow him to achieve level 6; however, since 128 level 5 Mikoto clones could not be prepared, it was calculated by Tree Diagram that Accelerator killing 20,000 clones at level 2-3 would achieve the same results. Here, Amai Ao a researcher from the original project was made to direct the experiments. Nunotaba Shinobu was recalled as well to supervise the inputting of intracerebral information into the clones, though she shortly left after realizing that the clones were truly human.

Shortly before the termination of the Level 6 Shift and the Sisters project, Misaka 20001, also known Last Order, was created as a fail-safe if ever the clones went out-of-control. This makes Last Order the administrator of the Misaka Network and the superior of every other clone.

Legacy and Aftermath
After the termination of the project, General Superintendent Aleister Crowley purposely planned for Level 6 Shift to fail and have the sister clones distributed all around the globe to branch facilities for readjustments. The reason being to cover the globe with a massive AIM-field, which is a crucial part of his plan for eliminating magic completely.

Another batch of Mikoto clones were also created, though they were created for a different project. These clones are known as 'Misaka Worst', and are level 4 clones of Mikoto. They look older than the original clones and have a much more aggressive personality. -->

Other

 * Other (Non-Science?, similar?)

Restaurants in Academy City commonly use cloned meat, and vegetables grown in windowless agricultural buildings.

One of the many inaccurate Urban Legends surrounding the Imaginary Number District, involves a cloning workshop that stored the DNA of great people from around the world and had analyzed their genetics to the point that they could create as many geniuses as needed at the push of a button. While Academy City is fully capable of human cloning, the actual Clone Dolly Workshop (aside from being tasked with the prototype Sister clone Dolly),   while working to produce (or procure) geniuses, mainly focused on other methods.

There are a number of
 * Non-Human Cloning
 * Flower Resistance (NT22R)
 * Biohacker? (Biohacker SS)
 * Similar but not same: Chemicaloid Project, not cloning an existing person but creating one from scratch

Although there are certain similarities in methods

Magic-related
 * Similar things in magic
 * Soul (NT21, KanzakiSSCh4)

Background

 * Sisters/Prototypes

Sisters Arc
Human cloning was at the heart of the events surrounding the events surrounding the Level 6 Shift Project, which involved the mass-produced clones of Misaka Mikoto, the Sisters.

Toaru Majutsu no Index Light Novel Volume SS2
During the Gemstone Mining incident, after Kumokawa Seria approached Heaven Canceller and mobilized the Sisters to rescue the captured Gemstones around the world, George Kingdom received reports of the identical girls and realized their nature as he was contacted by Kumokawa. After a brief conversation, in which she referenced to the illegality of human cloning, she had him promptly silenced through assassination by Kinuhata Saiai. News also reached Mikoto's father Misaka Tabigake, prompting a phone call to Board Chairman Aleister.

World War III Arc
At least one Third Season clone, Misaka Worst, had been produced at the time of World War III, prior to the project's apparent suspension.

Coronzon Arc
Academy City's cloning technology was referenced (along with Micro Cosmos indirectly) during the discussion between Mina Mathers and Heaven Canceller about the methods needed to give Lilith Crowley a physical body. While looking at the newspapers in Qliphah Puzzle 545's dress, which appear differently to different people, Accelerator saw condemnatory articles about Academy City's human cloning.

Kamijou Arc
When using the Flower Resistance during his battle with Elizard, Accelerator referred to how cloning and genetic manipulation wasn't exclusive to animals and with selective breeding, was a lot more common with plants.

Sisters Arc
Human cloning was at the heart of the events surrounding the events surrounding the Level 6 Shift Project, which involved the mass-produced clones of Misaka Mikoto, the Sisters.
 * Difference from Index entry?

Dream Ranker Arc
While talking with Misaka Mikoto about the cyborg experiment Kuriba Ryouko was involved in, her mechanical doppelganger and the supposed "creation of a soul", asking her help in investigating, Shokuhou Misaki remarked that if a use was found for the experiment there was the possibility of the scientists trying to confirm their results with unwilling test subjects (given few would be willing to be cut up like Kuriba was), such as Child Errors or human clones. After the remark caused a brief electrical discharge from Mikoto, she quickly added that the labor and expense of making a cloning facility just for this experiment wouldn't be worth it.

Trivia

 * AIM Clone: Struggle Battle ability/phenomena
 * Clone Dolly (UncertainPositioning)
 * Use of term 'clone' in other contexts: Decoys, general non-genetic copies (Principles, Other/Trivia?) - AIM Clone, Golem (check V6 text), kagebunshin ('shadow clone')