Precognition

Precognition is an esper also called future sight, and second sight, is a type of extrasensory perception that would involve the acquisition or effect of future information that cannot be deduced from presently available and normally acquired sense-based information. In parapsychology, precognition (from the Latin præ-, "before" + cognitio, "acquiring knowledge"), a premonition (from the Latin praemonēre) and a presentiment are information about future events that is perceived as emotion. It along with Clairvoyance, Psychometry, Telepathy, and Telekinesis (Psychokinesis), is one of the 5 attributes that is are measured in their System Scan.

Knowen Espers
Far Vision: is an esper ability referenced by Uiharu Kazari in the 8th Toaru Majutsu no Index light novel volume. Little is known about it but it can be assumed that it predicts the future.

Thoughtography: is an esper ability that first appeared in Toaru Kagaku no Railgun.[1] The power allows the user to look in the future and allow them to display pictures of it in a medium. The espers can apparently either use analog cameras for the photograph or use a digital camera.

None Esper variations
Kamijou Touma: First speculated by Accelerator has been in so many fights that he can subconsciously anticipate the attacks coming his way. Moreover, probably combined with his reflexes and the courage to keep his body and thoughts moving, allow him to judge accurately what to do next. Minute changes in the battlefield, like when Mikoto exuding her electromagnetic field that makes metal items around her resonate, these involuntary movements of hers that not even she can detect, aid Touma in his judgment in where to put his Imagine Breaker. Misaka's Railgun attack was over three times the speed of sound, and lightning strikes were even faster. Even with a method of defending himself, to be able to time it right was extremely difficult, missing the timing by only an instant would probably result in death. Moreover, it is noted that if he actively tries to take note of these things (referring to the information that he subconsciously takes in and react to), this skill of his is more likely to fail. Furthermore, Lessar noted that even if someone else were to have the same "right hand" like Touma, they couldn't use it half as well as Touma, with his combat skills that accompany it.

Later when fighting Leivinia Birdway was fighting him she attacked with countless daggers of water that was packed fully that it left no space for him to hide or evade. But it did not work, for Touma negated a dagger, a dagger that would specifically cause all others to be thrown out of the way after breaking into pieces in a chain reaction that created a blank spot that should not have been there.

It is shown by Rensa that Touma's precognition can be sealed by restricting the information that is shown to him. In the seventh Light novel of Shinyaku Toaru Majutsu no Index, she controls her cyborg body in such a way that she completely freezes her facial expression, prevents even the slightest involuntary muscle movements, and times her blinking and breathing to specific set intervals in such a way that Touma will not be able to 'read' her based on those things. However, when Rensa is overloaded because of the presence of Yakumi Hisako in her, and flinches slightly because of her inability to stay still, Touma can easily read her movements and use precognition. Apparently, in the case of Rensa, Touma can not read her AIM field output, but can instead sense her attacks solely based on her muscles flinching. It is unknown whether or not Touma uses AIM dispersion in order to perform his precognition.