Talk:Shinyaku Toaru Majutsu no Index Light Novel Volume 09/@comment-5215067-20131219183457/@comment-11437688-20131223033534

I've always thought that anyone who has undergone the Power Curriculum Program can be considered as an esper or ability user (more like artificial espers, since we also have the gemstones which are the natural espers) at least by name whatever the level is.

Though by nature, Touma is neither an esper nor a magician but a person with unique ability (as Aleister said in the Deep Blood Arc I guess), the fact that Touma was ranked as a level 0 esper through the Power Curriculum Program we can say that he is a "level 0 esper" ONLY BY NAME but not really an actual esper.