Template:Shared Draft 180

=Unsorted Notes=
 * Terms
 * Cloning (クローニング) (is this one used in text?)
 * Clone (クローン)
 * Clone, Cloning
 * Opening
 * Cloning (クローニング) is the process of creating a genetically identical copy, a clone (クローン), of a source organism...
 * Cloning plays an important role in the Toaru series, with the Sisters, mass-produced clones of Misaka Mikoto, being a key part of the plans and events surrounding the Science Side.


 * Etymology
 * Derived from Ancient Greek, κλών/klōn (meaning "twig"), refers to process where new plant can be created from a twig
 * Cases
 * Human Cloning
 * Sisters and related (Radio Noise Project, Level 6 Shift Project, Third Season)
 * Non-Human Cloning
 * Cloned meat in Academy City (NT11Pr/NT14Ch2Pt9)
 * Flower Resistance (NT22R)
 * Biohacker? (Biohacker SS)
 * Similar things in magic
 * Need to gather relevant information and references for processing.
 * Not planning to have every single little thing involving the Sisters in the Chronology section. The plan for the Chronology is to have the things pertaining to cloning and clones.
 * Sisters image caption idea, something along the lines of: "The Sisters, clones of Misaka Mikoto and the most notable case of cloning in the Toaru series."
 * Similar but not same: Chemicaloid Project
 * Place in the "Clone" in "Clone Dolly" temporarily to separate those items during the linking sweeps?
 * Clon-
 * clon-
 * Use of term 'clone' in other contexts: Decoys, general non-genetic copies (Principles, Other/Trivia?) - AIM Clone, Golem, kagebunshin ('shadow clone')
 * Given the ramifications of human cloning, ethical and otherwise, it is illegal under international law. Academy City supposedly abides by these laws, though the city has pursued and carried out human cloning in secret, as shown with the Sisters.

atwiki:
 * AIM Clone: Struggle Battle ability
 * Clone Dolly
 * Misaka Network
 * Radio Noise Project
 * Personal Reality
 * Sisters
 * Dolly
 * Full Tuning

Chronology:
 * Index
 * OT
 * RN/Lv6 Shift Projects
 * Gemstone Mining - risk, illegality, silencing George Kingdom
 * Third Season
 * NT
 * GT
 * Railgun
 * Sisters Arc
 * Dream Ranker Arc (cyborg comment)

Principles:
 * Possibility: Introduction (Methods, Womb/Tank), Human Cloning, Other (Non-Science?, similar?)
 * Sisters notes:


 * The method generally used when artificially cloning an organism is a process known as (SCNT). The process requires a viable  from the organism to be cloned and an unfertilized egg cells, with its cell nucleus (containing DNA) removed. The cell nucleus is removed from the somatic cell and inserted into the egg cell. Stimulation may be provided to get the cell division going. Once it is ready, it is either implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother or (as in the case of the Sisters), grown within a special cultivation tank filled with a culture fluid.
 * Railgun V4/Index V3: Zid-02, Riz-13, Hel-03
 * Railgun V4/Index V3: Zid-02, Riz-13, Hel-03


 * Accel E01/2 tank photo?
 * Railgun Ch19 - cell?

Dolly Note

 * Note regarding reduced lifespan, contemporary circumstances regarding Dolly the sheep (died 2003, series start 2004, speculation at the time, new research results in 2010s)
 * Had started a draft then made another rougher one during a brief period in which forgot about the first one.
 * Earlier Draft: The first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell using the nuclear transfer process and the most famous cloned animal,, the namesake of both the Clone Dolly Workshop and the prototype clone Dolly, died in 2003 (the year before the first volume of Toaru Majutsu no Index was released) at a relatively young age, being euthanized due to health problems including a progressive lung disease and arthiritis. Though Dolly's death was largely the result of factors unconnected to the cloning process, there was speculation that her early death might have been the result of advanced aging, in part due to Dolly being noted to have shortened telomeres. (Thoughts contrary at the time) and in the 2010s, cloned sheep from the same line as Dolly have not experienced the same...
 * Current, Refine?: Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell using the nuclear transfer process, born in 1996 and dying in 2003 (with the first volume of Toaru Majutsu no Index being released in 2004). When she was euthanized, due to a progressive lung disease and severe arthritis, Dolly was six and a half years old (a Finn Dorset sheep having a life expectancy of 11-12 years). Although scientists believed that this was unconnected to the cloning process (with other sheep in the same flock dying of the same disease and it being a danger for sheep kept indoors, with Dolly having to sleep inside for security), there was press speculation in that a contributing factor in her early death was being born with a genetic age of six (the same as the sheep from which was cloned) or experiencing advanced aging - partially based on the finding that Dolly's telomeres were short, typically a result of aging. The idea of degeneration and accelerated aging in clones has been featured in various works of fiction. In 2016, a study of several cloned sheep including four from the same cell line as Dolly, found no defects and evidence of detrimental long-term effects from the cloning process, with the four being alive and healthy at the age of nine.
 * Current, Refine-: The first mammal successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell using the nuclear transfer process and the most famous cloned animal, was, the namesake of both the Clone Dolly Workshop and the prototype clone Dolly, who was born in 1996 and died in 2003 (with the first volume of Toaru Majutsu no Index being released in 2004), aged six and a half years (a Finn Dorset sheep having a life expectancy of around 11-12 years). She was euthanized due to health problems including a progressive lung disease and severe arthritis, a danger for sheep kept indoors (with Dolly having to sleep inside for security) and to which other sheep in the same flock had also succumbed. As such, scientists considered there to be no connection to the cloning process, but there was press speculation that her relatively early death may have been the result of advanced aging, arising in part from the finding that Dolly's telomeres were short, typically a result of aging. The idea of degeneration and accelerated aging in clones has been featured in various works of fiction. In 2016, a study of several cloned sheep including four from the same cell line as Dolly, found no defects and evidence of detrimental long-term effects from the cloning process, with the four being alive and healthy at the age of nine.

Principles
Cloning is the process of using the genetic material (DNA) of a source organism to produce a genetically identical organism, known as a clone.

The method generally used when artificially cloning an animal organism is a process known as (SCNT). The process requires a viable from the organism to be cloned and an unfertilized egg cells, with its cell nucleus (containing DNA) removed. The cell nucleus is removed from the somatic cell and inserted into the egg cell. Stimulation may be provided to get the cell division going. Once it is ready, it is either implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother or (as in the case of the Sisters), grown within a special cultivation tank filled with a culture fluid.

Given the ramifications of human cloning, ethical and otherwise, it is illegal under international law. Academy City supposedly abides by these laws,  though the city has actually pursued and carried out human cloning in secret, as shown with the Sisters.

An ancient variation of cloning used in horticulture for (from which the term derives its name), involves taking a viable  from a plant (often a piece of the stem or root, but sometimes a piece of leaf) and placing into a suitable medium, like moist soil, with the cutting growing into a new plant if the conditions are right.

Sisters
Using Misaka Mikoto's DNA map and somatic cells from a sample of her hair, acquired by researchers under the pretext of applications for treating muscular dystrophy and added to the Bank,  fertilized egg cells were created via SCNT-based methods and grown within cultivation chambers. While in the culture fluid, the clones were exposed to a number of drugs, including Zid-02, Riz-13 and Hel-03, in order to stimulate rapid biological development, growing from a zygote to the body of a 14 year old teenager in 14 days. Released from the containers with the mentality of a newborn infant, Testaments were used to install information into their brains.

The treatment for stimulating rapid growth and additional adjustments drastically reduced the clones' already shortened lifespan,  such that they would have only had around 1 or 2 years left without further adjustments to eliminate the hormone imbalances resulting from the stimulation and correct the rate of cell division, with a good portion of life span recoverable in this way.

W-Extract In 2016, scientists reported no defects in thirteen cloned sheep, including four from the same cell line as Dolly. The first study to review the long-term health outcomes of cloning, the authors found no evidence of late-onset, non-communicable diseases other than some minor examples of osteoarthritis and concluded "We could find no evidence, therefore, of a detrimental long-term effect of cloning by SCNT on the health of aged offspring among our cohort."

While the Sisters are Electromasters like Misaka Mikoto, they are only Level 2-Level 3 as opposed to Level 5, with the prediction of them only having a tiny fraction of the original's power resulting in the suspension of the original Radio Noise Project, which aimed to mass-produce Level 5 clones for military purposes, with the subsequent repurposing as fodder for Accelerator's development in the Level 6 Shift Project (itself a cover). The brainwave network between the Sisters, the Misaka Network, played a key role in Aleister's Plan, with Last Order (#20001) acting as the control tower. Before the mass-production of the Sisters, a prototype clone (#0), Dolly, was created as part of a pair to test the cloning technology and the shared network, with Full Tuning (#00000) prior to Misaka 1. At least one older next-generation clone, Misaka Worst, was created for the Third Season prior to its suspension.

Principles: Railgun S Ep17 Somatic cell clones, exposed to drugs (mentioned in OT3) while in culture fluid to stimulate rapid biological development, zygote to teenager (14 year old) in 14 days, somatic cell clones not have very long lifespan, shortens further, varies - 1 or 2 years, adjustment necessary, eliminate hormone imbalances resulting from stimulation, adjust cell division rate, recover good portion of life span
 * Sisters notes:

RADIO NOISE PROJECT EXTRACT Radio Noise Project (計画) or Sisters Project was originally a project that intended to use clones of Misaka Mikoto—a level 5 esper, for military purposes. The clones were then later re-used for the Level 6 Shift experiments, so that Accelerator, the strongest level 5 in Academy City, could reach level 6.

Concept and Creation
According to the report in one of the computers at Higuchi Pharmacology Laboratory 7 of the Higuchi Pharmacies, one can successfully produce fertilized eggs of Misaka Mikoto, a clone, using the somatic cells extracted from Mikoto’s hair.

Using the drug Zid-02, Riz-13, and Hel-03 significantly reduces the time the mind and body of the clone needs to grow to the same state as that of Mikoto as well as input necessary information is that of roughly 14 days.

Cultivation tanks are used for the development of the clones, and the Testament machine created by Nunotaba Shinobu will be used to input basic intracerebral information into the clones.

The entire process of creating a clone is apparently equivalent to the cost of 180,000 yen each.

Prior to the mass production of clones, Dolly was created in order to research on how to make clones live long enough. She was also an experiment on how to create an information sharing network between the clones, the Misaka Network.

It is later shown that due to the clones having an accelerated growth due to drugs and hormones, that their bodies began to deteriorate and lifespans shortened after prolonged periods, though they simply require readjustments to enable them to survive.

Background
Mikoto willingly gave a DNA sample to the researchers at the 7th Medical Research Center of the Higuchi Pharmacies, under assumption that they would use it to help children who are living with muscular dystrophy; using her powers to replicate bio-signs, they had her believe they could control the bioelectrical signal of the body and reroute it to a nerve signal network, meaning the children would be able to gain control of said muscles, thus allowing movement.

This was a complete fabrication, as the true purpose of using Mikoto's DNA was to create a clone of Misaka Mikoto—the 'Railgun'.

Failure of the First Production Plan
Before mass production of the clones could begin, the simulation that the Tree Diagram produced showed that it was impossible to create a level 5 clone of Mikoto despite genetic manipulation and use of the Testament. It showed that the clones' specifications reached less than 1% of that of the real Mikoto's, which was equal to that of a level 2.

To cut losses, the project was suspended indefinitely, all ongoing research stopped, research teams were dissolved, and data on the project purged. As a result, Amai Ao, fell into a huge debt, and eagerly joined Level 6 Shift to cover it.

Second Production Plan: Level 6 Shift
However, the Level 6 Shift program – an experiment designed to make Accelerator, the strongest level 5 in Academy City reach level 6 – reused the project. The project began after Tree Diagram calculated that Accelerator killing Mikoto 128 times in battle, would allow him to achieve level 6; however, since 128 level 5 Mikoto clones could not be prepared, it was calculated by Tree Diagram that Accelerator killing 20,000 clones at level 2-3 would achieve the same results. Here, Amai Ao a researcher from the original project was made to direct the experiments. Nunotaba Shinobu was recalled as well to supervise the inputting of intracerebral information into the clones, though she shortly left after realizing that the clones were truly human.

Shortly before the termination of the Level 6 Shift and the Sisters project, Misaka 20001, also known Last Order, was created as a fail-safe if ever the clones went out-of-control. This makes Last Order the administrator of the Misaka Network and the superior of every other clone.

Legacy and Aftermath
After the termination of the project, General Superintendent Aleister Crowley purposely planned for Level 6 Shift to fail and have the sister clones distributed all around the globe to branch facilities for readjustments. The reason being to cover the globe with a massive AIM-field, which is a crucial part of his plan for eliminating magic completely.

Another batch of Mikoto clones were also created, though they were created for a different project. These clones are known as 'Misaka Worst', and are level 4 clones of Mikoto. They look older than the original clones and have a much more aggressive personality.

THIRD SEASON EXTRACT The Third Season was a successor project to the Radio Noise Project. It led to the creation of Misaka Worst, a clone of Misaka Mikoto created after the shutdown of the Level 6 Shift Project and who was different than the original Sisters.

Background
The Third Season project was planned by Academy City to be a replacement for the existing Misaka Network as it had grown out of their control. It had planned for the elimination of the original Sisters and network for it could be replaced with a network composed of a new series of clones. Misaka Worst, the initial clone produced by the project, was sent to eliminate Last Order, the control node of the original network, and Accelerator during World War III. However, this plan failed and Misaka Worst later joined up with Accelerator. Accelerator later forced those in charge of it to freeze in the project.

Other

 * Other (Non-Science?, similar?)

Restaurants in Academy City commonly use cloned meat, and vegetables grown in windowless agricultural buildings.

One of the many inaccurate Urban Legends surrounding the Imaginary Number District, involves a cloning workshop that stored the DNA of great people from around the world and had analyzed their genetics to the point that they could create as many geniuses as needed at the push of a button. While Academy City is fully capable of human cloning, the actual Clone Dolly Workshop (aside from being tasked with the prototype Sister clone Dolly),   while working to produce (or procure) geniuses, mainly focused on other methods.

There are a number of biological science projects and creations in Academy City which have involved similarities and similar methods but also key differences from cloning. Examples include the Chemicaloid Project (not cloning an existing person but creating one from scratch), and biohacking (rearranging and combining DNA from different life forms to create hybrids).
 * Non-Human Cloning
 * Flower Resistance (NT22R)

The practice of cloning is a scientific one and as such restricted to the Science Side, however there are approximate equivalents, with some similarities yet different methods, on the Magic Side for producing an organism from source material or reproducing an individual. Cloning has been referred to in various explanations and analogies regarding how magicians can create a soul without fully understanding the nature and mechanisms of one.

Magic-related
 * Although there are certain similarities in methods
 * One notable case associated with Alchemy is that of the.
 * Similar things in magic
 * Soul (NT21, KanzakiSSCh4)
 * Alfar, Aureolus Dummy, GD Recreations, Magical Life Forms
 * Cloning has been referred to in various explanations and analogies regarding how magicians can create a soul without fully understanding the nature and mechanisms of one.

Background
However, within a few years before the events of the series, plans were enacted in Academy City to mass-produce human clones, using a genetic sample and DNA map from the young Level 5 candidate Misaka Mikoto, under the pretext of work to cure muscular dystrophy. The Radio Noise Project was intended to mass-produce Level 5 clones for military purposes, though predictions of the clones only possessing a tiny fraction of the original's power would lead to plans to instead produce and use clones as experimental fodder for Accelerator's development in the Level 6 Shift Project, both cover for a more hidden role as part of Aleister's plan. A prototype clone, Dolly, was first created to test the cloning technology and brainwave networking, with the Clone Dolly Workshop being tasked with monitoring her, resulting in the clone meeting future Level 5 Shokuhou Misaki before her death. After Full Tuning, production began on the clones intended to be killed by Accelerator, starting with Misaka 1, and continued until the events of the series, with over 20,000 being created in all.

Sisters Arc
Human cloning was at the heart of the events surrounding the events surrounding the Level 6 Shift Project, which involved the mass-produced clones of Misaka Mikoto, the Sisters.
 * Difference from Index entry?

Trivia

 * Clone Dolly (Note regarding naming here or in Principles, Other)
 * Given the nature as a copy, the term 'clone' is sometimes used in other contexts in reference to general doubles, decoys and non-genetic copies, though these don't fit the definition of 'clone' as a genetic copy.
 * In ''Toaru Majutsu no Index Struggle Battle, there is an esper-related ability or phenomena known as AIM Clone.

=TrackTag-related=
 * 21/05/2021 Processing Start


 * Place in the "Clone" in "Clone Dolly" temporarily to separate those items during the linking sweeps?
 * Clon-
 * clon-

TrackTag Search Results

 * Sweep to separate Clone Dolly before the link implementation sweep (complete)
 * "Clon"- sweep with TT31 complete
 * Sweep to identify W-links for cloning/clone

"Clon"-

"clon"-

Clone Dolly:

"Clon"-, Non-"Clone Dolly"

TrackTag Search Results (2)
Multiple Edit Items: Temporarily tagged with TT6

TrackTag Search Results (3)
Remaining tagged "clon"- instances

Links

History

Tags removed from: Sister clones

Toaru Kagaku no Railgun Episode 11‎‎ Toaru Idol no Accelerator-sama Manga Chapter 001‎‎ Science Guardian‎‎ S-Processor Laboratories‎‎ Julian Restaurant‎‎ Ichihanaran Festival Arc‎‎ Daihasei Festival Arc (Index)‎‎ Chemicaloid Project‎‎ Baggage City Arc‎‎

TT39-20/05/2021
=References=