Angel Fall Arc

The Angel Fall Arc is a story arc that occurs in the Toaru Majutsu no Index storyline. It concerns with the activation of a world-wide spell known as Angel Fall, a spell that switches the elements, as well as the appearances of persons around the world. The most notable effect of Angel Fall is the expulsion of an angel to earth. The arc focuses on Touma, Kaori and Motoharu trying to find the culprit and stop Angel Fall, while Touma deals with his family that he meets for the first time since losing his memories, during an involuntary vacation outside of Academy City.

Aftermath of the Sisters Arc

 * Main article: Sisters Arc

After defeating Accelerator, delinquents looking for prestige and glory increased their hostilities on Touma as he was the one to have defeated Academy City's strongest esper. Because of this, Touma is forced to leave Academy City (along with Index) at the urging of Tsukuyomi Komoe, while Academy City quells the situation during his absence.

Activation of Angel Fall
Kamijou Touya – Touma's father and collector of souvenirs from all around the world – unitentionally activates Angel Fall after arranging the various souvenirs in his home in accordance to the principles of feng-shui in an effort to stop his son's vast misfortune and after accidentally leaving his house unlocked to go to Touma's current location.

Light Novel Version
Touma wakes up to find everyone has changed appearances, and he has no idea what has happened.

As everyone went onto the beach to play around, Touma went off by himself to try and think through what happens. Tsuchimikado Motoharu found Touma when he's around 100m away from Index and others, and warn him nee-chin (Kanzaki) is coming to get him, thinking he's the culprit of Angel Fall. Here Touma found Motoharu is actually a magician of Necessarius, and from what he talks about the 'Imaginary Number Sector' and 'Academy City's Darkness' Touma can feel Motoharu isn't lying about being a spy, as he has no idea what Motoharu is going on about.

After explaining about things like Angel Fall, Heaven & Hell, and Idol Theory, Kanzaki started to shake Touma and told him to hurry up and reverse the spell, as she doesn't want to be treated as a tall, red-haired foeigner who talks like a girl for the rest of her life. Touma tries to stop being shaken by someone with the physical strength of a Saint by pointing out he's a esper, so he can't use magic. Kanzaki paused and was going to accept that, until she thinks of Motoharu who is also a esper but can use magic. Motoharu raises the point if espers use magic they will have physical damage, as shown by the esper students who were part of the Gregorian Chant in the Deep Blood Incident.

Touma was then subjected to a body search by Kanzaki, who feels Kanzaki's hands are almost like something licking him and is afraid he might end up having a fetish of sort if this goes on. As 'his body started reacting due to being a normal heterosexual high school student' Touma tried to make excuses to try and avoid being slashed by Kanzaki, as he thought she might be offended by his uncontrollable reaction. However Kanzaki was actually thinking of 'that place' needs to be searched as well, and started to put on surgical gloves. Touma was given the choice of letting Kanzaki do it or let Motoharu do it, and it's only when the two magicians saw Touma's face which is on the verge of tears they took pity and stopped. Touma was then forced into helping them solve the incident in exchange for being protected against attacks by other magicians who may come investigate.

Kanzaki meets Touma's family. They discuss how Kanzaki's demeanour doesn't match her appearance (ie Stiyl's), and she's slightly femnine. Touma tried to make her feel better by saying they're talking about Stiyl's appearance and not that 'no matter how she looks she's like a ferocious man', and it lead to Touma being dragged away by Kanzaki. Touma's afraid that Kanzaki will subject him to waterboarding punishment as they are headed towards the baths.

As it turned out Kanzaki is asking him to guard while she's in the baths - and she left partly due to the fact she couldn't stand having Index smiling at her after what they have been through together. Touma agreed to stand guard, and decided to not ask about the past that seems to bring Kanzaki discomfort. Motoharu comes by and apologises for knowing about the Sisters Incident and the Misawa Cram School Incident but not helping even though he obviously has the power to, and Touma forgives him. Then Motoharu declared it's time "To get down to business" - peeking on Kanzaki while she's bathing, using the camera on their cellphones. Touma objects as he doesn't want to be on the recieving end of Kanzaki's blade, and questions why Motoharu is doing this as his targets are normally 'imouto' types due to his nickname 'sis-con seargant'. Motoharu objects to being called that and asks for proof of his actions, to which Touma answers normal people don't go after their own little-sisters. Touma further says "Even if the law doesn't forbid it it doesn't mean everything is allowed", and seeing Motoharu being nervous Touma starts to wonder if Motoharu has really gone that far. Motoharu starts get agitated and tells Touma to stop and try and frame him with his own words. Before Motoharu can slience him Touma's mother and cousin arrives and Motoharu vanishes into the shadows.

Touma's mother and cousin asks why Touma is doing out here, and after hearing he's out here standing guard they force him into the baths since if he don't hurry dinner will get cold, and taking a bath together with his friend is alright since they're both male. As it happens Kanzaki has just come out of the baths, and not covering herself. Kanzaki's gaze is as if asking if Touma has any last words, and Touma's reply fails to satisfy Kanzaki - which leads to the Sheath of her sword flying towards Touma. (Not mentioned in Vol4, but in Vol11 it was suggested Touma survived that without problems, and the narratives later in Vol4 didn't state Touma was injured by Kanzaki).

Later, Touma is attacked by a escaped convict and was saved by Misha Kruezhev before he died from the poison on the prisoner's knife. The prisoner escaped with a broken arm and two of teeth being chipped in half.

Touma, Motoharu and Kanzaki starts to explain the situation to Misha. Misha casted a spell on Touma using the water from the pipes, which Touma blocks with Imagine Breaker, and after that she accepts their explaination Touma is not the one behind Angel Fall. As the prisoner hasn't had his appearance swapped, due to the hotel's worker (who's appearance is Misaka 10032) recognises him as the prisoner on TV, everyone present thinks of him as the number 1 suspect of Angel Fall at this time.

Kanzaki tells Touma to get some rest, but as Touma remembered the body swap he runs to his parents' room just as Touya was about to seduce Shiina. To Touma it's like his father (looks around 35) was about to make moves on Index (who looks around 14) and it looks like a nightmarish scene, and he dives in to stop it from happening.

Next day, Touma and others start planning on the current plan of action to find the culprit of Angel Fall. The current suspect is the escaped prisoner who attacked last night, and they are planning on finding him. There are no traces of magical energy from the prisoner, though Kanzaki says that's not surprising as angels has descended before and interacted with humans in the Old Testament without people knowing who they actually are. Normally if a angel-class magical energy wasn't hidden it would even warp the earth just by its presence. They also discussed the possible reasons of the interactions between the angel and the prisoner, and the nature of angels are something like puppets of God, with no will of their own.

The news report then brought up the prisoner has been found, and Touma recognises it as his parent's home from the photos his mother sent him when she went paragliding.

Touma and others decides to go to his house and capture the prisoner. After taking a taxi to the area Motoharu lead everyone through the cordoned area by sneaking around and make sure they are not seen when the guards are looking elsewhere. Touma notes this is different to games as the games are designed to be broken through while the real life incidence is designed to be impossible to be broken through - and yet Motoharu still bypasses the area with ease. There is a large cordon in the area, and all reporters left willingly which made Kanzaki suspicious. They discusses why that is the case - Kanzaki ruled out the Japanese Police has discovered Angel Fall and says the rumoured 'Zeroth Investigations Divisions' that look into supernatural cases does not exist according to reports. Motoharu says the likely reason is just because the police doesn't want the scene of the prisoner's head being blown off being captured by the media.

After getting close to the home they needed to find a way into the Kamijou Residence without the police getting in the way, and so Kanzaki suggested a spell (a steel wire spell formation 100m in diameter) to divert the attention of the police onto another house, making them think that house is the one where the prisoner is.

As Touma and Motoharu says words like 'misfortune' in their conversation like normal Kanzaki left to setup the spell., being reminded of why she left the Amakusa and her own 'good luck'. Motoharu here explained Kanzaki's background to Touma, and what magicians are like (see wiki article). Touma mentioned Kanzaki is taking a while, and Motoharu says it's likely because Kanzaki is not used to setting up barriers. Motoharu went on to discuss the similarities between Onmyoudou and Kabbalah magic, such as the five-pointed star and the four elements which aligns with certain directions.

Kanzaki returned and they moved on to the Kamijou Residence. Touma wanted to apologise for bringing up something that's uncomfortable to Kanzaki but thought if he brought it up again it'll only remind her of that again, so he kept quiet. As they reached the house Kanzaki and Misha entered from the 2nd floor while Motoharu enters from the front. Touma decided to follow Motoharu despite being told to wait outside.

Inside, Touma discovered the prisoner has let out gas and might be thinking to blow them all up as he escapes. The prisoner then pops out behind Motoharu and brought the knife down (see colour pages). Touma tackled Motoharu down to prevent being killed but got cut in the process. Motoharu then chased the prisoner while Touma turned off the gas, as he realised the gas is there to force the attackers to not make sparks if they want to live, while the prisoner can attack all he wants. Motoharu defeated the prisoner in a fight then Kanzaki and Misha arrives after checking the top floor.

The magicians present decides to interrogate the prisoner, but they found he has multiple personality disorder and it's just his dominant and subordinant personalities got switched. Touma knows this is the case due to his catch-up courses from Komoe-sensei, and that a while back esper research into multiple personalities were popular, and studies like whether different personalities had different esper abilities were done.

Touma then caught sight of a family photo and found Kamijou Touya wasn't switched. Misha found this and went after Touya, while leaving the comment this outcome was a boring one. (This may be significant due to earlier angels are said to have no personalities, and yet Misha is acting like she has preferences of her own.) Motoharu told Touma to chase after Misha, since they want to sole this without bloodshed if possible. Touma is angry at Misha for wanting to kill his father.

Touma and Kanzaki got back to the hotel at sundown, and they found Touma's cousin there while everyone else has gone to search for Touma. Kanzaki told Touma to stay there and she'll go find Touya, and promises to protect him from Misha. Touma refused Kanzaki's considerate offer of not making Touma fight his own family, and says Touya is his father and he'll deal with it - he will save his father himself.

Touya is on the beach dyed red by the sunset, and as Touya saw Touma it took him 5 seconds to get angry at Touma, being more worried about whether Touma is alright. Touma asked just why is Touya meddling in events only magicians will be involved in. Even at this time Touya only has the expression of a father worried about his son and not a magician that found his plans has been exposed.

Touya started to speak of Touma's past, and it looks as if he has suddenly aged 10 years while he is recalling these events. Touma was sent into Academy City right after he graduated from Kindergarten, and at that time everyone around him, both children and adults, called him 'The Plague' (Literal translation from Kanji in Chinese version is 'God of Plague'). Touma has been 'unlucky' since birth, and there has been a rumour that anyone that is around him will be unlucky as well. Children threw rocks at Touma, and even when adults saw they didn't reprimand the children and even encouraged this behaviour - as if asking why didn't the other children hurt Touma even more than that.

Another rumour was that just by being away from Touma you'll be free of misfortune. Many people stayed away from him due to that as well. Once a man in debt chased after Touma with a kitchen knife was slashed once. Then a TV channel found out about this and decided to make a supernatural programme about this, took Touma's photo without permission and described Touma like a monster.

Those are the reasons why Touma was sent into Academy City - because Touya was afraid. Not of concepts like 'fortune' or 'misfortune', but of what people who believed in those things will do to Touma. Even in the state-of-the-art city of Academy City Touma was treated as a 'unlucky person', but at least there are not things like what before repeating themselves. Touya is glad that is the case, but he is not satisfied. If science could not solve his problems, then he has only one option left - step into the realm of magicians.

Touma thought about that, and came to the conclusion Touya casted Angel Fall not for the reason of bringing a Angel down to Earth, but just to switch the 'outside' and 'inside' of everyone, so that misfortune that plagues Touma will leave him for good. It doesn't matter if he will involve the whole world, or if someone else will end up being his son - as long as Touma will be protected from 'Misfortune' even if he has to be a sinner he will go ahead.

Touma yelled at Touya, saying yes though he is unlucky to have almost died many times, and had his right arm cut off once already this summer, but not once has he complained about it. Even though without misfortune he might not have his life on the line all the time, but can it really be called 'fortunate' if he just lived a happy life and not noticing there are people in the darkness and suffering while covered in blood? Touma yelled to not give him that kind of cruel 'fortune' and take away his beautiful 'misfortune', and this is one path he has always travelled and will continue to travel. He declared "Don't think that I am a unlucky person, actually I'm the most 'fortunate' person in the world!".

Touya smiled seeing that, and said then it's a good thing he hasn't actually done anything in the end. Just by buying souvenirs couldn't have changed anything anyway, and now he can buy snacks instead - Touma's mother will be happier that way too. It turns out Touya did not know about Angel Fall after all.

Misha Kruezhev arrives, and just her killing intent is enough to paralyze Touma. Kanzaki charges in between Misha and Touma, and Motoharu also came back. Misha is a male name in Russia, and even if someone from Annihilatus doesn't want others to know her real name she would not choose a man's name. Misha used this name as names are something given to them by God, which also includes the purpose they are made for. Also, there's only a 'Sasha Kruehev' in the Russian Orthodox Church, and no-one named Misha, according to their enquiries.

The sunset turned into a starry sky, and the moon that should be a cresent at this time is shown as a full moon. Misha is revealed to be the angel that was brought down; the symbol of water, the controller of blue, the moon's guardian, and protecter of the rear side - the 'Power of God', Archangel Gabriel.

Gabriel casted 'The Sweep', and countless magic circles covered the sky, enough power to turn half the planet into ash. Touma compared it to Earth being pointed at by several billion nukes - even if every person is allocated one of the lights above there will still be plenty to spare. Kanzaki stared in disbelief that Gabriel is willing to use magic from the Old Testament just to kill one human. At the Last Judgment God will descend and decide who goes to heaven and hell, and if angels kill people randomly it will change the outcome. Putting aside theology, killing people at the wrong time will lead to a time paradox, as people that will be born ends up not existing. That's why those who can control time and space will become the undisputed ruler of history, and the angel outside human history can change humanity's future. Truly, the power of Almighty.

Kanzaki ordered Touma to take Touya and leave, while she stays and hold off Gabriel. If they can stop Angel Fall in the 30 minutes before The Sweep completes than it will all be alright. Kanzaki joked that 30 minutes might be a tight to get all the animals onto the Ark. Touma wants to stay and fight, but Kanzaki told him it will bring shame to professionals if they let amatuers fight their battle - those who allow it don't even have the right to commit seppuku. Touma finally relents and decides to Kanzaki, and retreated with Touya. Gabriel called their resistance "Foolish" and gathered up water wings which spread behind her like a peacock's fan. Each wing is capable of levelling a mountain and gives off a killing intent that even chills Kanzaki who has fought on many battlefields. Then Kanzaki realised Motoharu has already escaped and think she should not be surprised that Motoharu is true to he philosophy of betrayal even at this time. Kanzaki declared her magic name and started fighting Gabriel.

1st Day
Prior to the start of the arc, Touma makes and agreement with his family in the Oowarai Beach resort. However, for some reason, Touma's family were unable to go to the resort on the appointed day promising that they would arrive the day after, disappointing Index who was eagerly awaiting their arrival.

Throughout the day before meeting his family, Touma becomes considerably anxious and worried of their impending arrival, citing his memory loss as the reason, as he has no idea what his family looks like and what kind of persons they are.

2nd Day
Touma wakes up the next morning, unaware of the change that the world has gone through. Touma meets his father, and though depressed that he could not recognized his face as well as the fact that he will never get to see the house he was born in, as Touya says that they have moved into a new house (as is the reason why they were not be able to come to the resort the other day). Touma is however, content that he finally gets to meet his father.

However, soon discovers something is incredibly wrong, after seeing that nearly everyone he knows from both magic and science side has converged into the resort apparently to pull a prank on him. With Index being his mother, Misaka Mikoto being his cousin Tatsugami Otohime, and Aogami Pierce as Index.

Afternoon
After much trouble, Touma finally realizes that people switching their appearance is too much in a large scale for it to be a mere prank. While pondering about this, Touma is nearly attacked by Misha Kruezhev who suspected Touma to be a spellcaster, however, he saved just in time by Kanzaki Kaori (who he meets for the first time and successfully manage to fool her that he didn't lose his memories) and to his surprise Tsuchimikado Motoharu.

Here, they explain to him that for reasons unknown a magician has cast a spell called Angel Fall which caused a distortion in the world by forcing an angel class into that of a human class, ruining the balance between the classes and thus switching the content and appearances of humans. Motoharu explains that Touma is the most likely suspect for Angel Fall, as his appearance did not change and is the reason why Misha attacked him. Though, they explain to Misha that Touma could not have been the spellcaster as he is a low-level esper, and that he shows no signs of injuries with use of magic due to him being an esper. Tsuchimikado also states that Touma could not have been the spellcaster as he holds Imagine Breaker, an ability that negates all supernatural phenomena.

Touma proves his innocence to Misha by cancelling her magical directed attack on him as a test. However, the spell is still centered around Touma, which indicates that someone close to Touma might've been the one to have cast Angel Fall. Touma later demands how Motoharu knows of his Imagine Breaker and his knowledge regarding the magic side, to which Motoharu replies that he is also a member of Necessarius.

Nighttime
Having explained the situation to Touma, the group concludes that the spellcaster must be near Touma, and that they must either defeat the spellcaster or destroy the ritual location of Angel Fall.

Both Misha and Kaori investigate Touma's family, much to their delight due to their queer appearances (with Kaori having the appearance of Stiyl). Meanwhile, Touma and Motoharu talk on how he is a magician as well as an esper (as well as he cannot be with Touma's family since his appearance is that of Hitotsui Hajime and would most likely cause a ruckus), and that using magic again could potentially kill him, and shows his injuries to Touma. They also talk about on how he was a magician using Onmyouji and specialized in feng-shui, before coming to Academy City as a spy and going to the Power Curriculum Program, which made most of his magic unusable; as well as Kanzaki Kaori's apparent distaste for her own fortune, with connections to her past as an Amakusa Catholics; which is also the reason why Motoharu warns Touma not to say his "Such misfortune" line.

However, Kaori suddenly barges in, unable to bear being around Touma's family. She later forces Touma to guard the entrance to the male hotsprings as her form is currently viewed by others apart from Touma, as a man and the obvious implications of her going into the female's hotsprings. After a misunderstanding with his father, Touma is forced to runaway with his father from an attack by Kaori as they both see her trying to get dressed.

After catching their breath, Touma remembers that his father's appearance is not truly his, which depresses him. This prompts Touya, to reminisce on his youth, and compares Touma's worried look to that of Shiina. Their bonding is interrupted when they notice that Misha is alone, Touya later forces Touma to interact with her.

Though having a cold demeanour, Touma breaks the ice by offering Misha candy. Though, she is extremely modest in taking it from Touma, trying not to touch his right hand. Misha then explains to Touma that Angel Fall is still incomplete, and that if it was completed a great calamity would occur like that of ancient lore.

Morning
Touma awakens the next day to find that her mother forgot to lock the door to the house, and opts to return home to check on it, with Misha accompanying her, which confuses Touma. Touya tries to make a joke about it regarding Misha's shyness; however, Touma notices that Misha didn't touch his hand at all after Touya pointed this out to Touma. Knowing this Touma reports this Kaori and Motoharu, to which they conclude that Misha maybe the culprit. Pointing out that Misha somehow knowing a significant amount of information regarding Angel Fall as suspicious, since there are no records what Angel Fall truly is. Because of this, Motoharu accompanies Touma to his house.

They arrive to find out that they have arrived before Shiina and Misha (since they took the train). Here, Motoharu and Touma notices that Touya has gathered several souvenirs in his home, curious of this, Touma tries to touch them though is told by Motoharu not to. While wondering around however, Touma discovers that the picture of his father remained consistent with his current appearance, to which Motoharu reminds to Touma that besides him, the spellcaster's appearance will not have changed. At the same time as this Shiina and Misha arrives, the latter discovering that Touya is the culprit of Angel Fall as well. This forces Touma to follow her, as Motoharu is preoccupied with Shiina since she mistook him as Hitotsui Hajime.

Afternoon
Touma arrives on the beach before Misha, and is informed by Kaori that his father is in the beach alone. Touma explains to Kaori the situation regarding his father as the culprit, and although reluctant at first, she allows Touma to handles the situation with his father.

Touma confronts his father on the beach, and demands to know why he dabbled in the occult. Touya explains that the reason is to counteract his misfortune. According to Touya, the reason he sent Touma to Academy City is because the city lacked superstition, being the city of science, and would hopefully help remove the misfortune that has plagued Touma since his childhood. However, even then the city could not solve Touma's misfortune, and as such Touya turned to occult to help Touma. Touma, however, chastises his father, saying that even though he was misfortunate, he never said that he regretted it, and no matter how misfortunate he was it was his path to walk on.

Hearing this from Touma, Touya agrees that he will stop collecting souvenirs. This surprises Touma as he thought that they were talking about the occult and Angel Fall. Touma determines that Touya has no idea about Angel Fall, even though his appearance did not change.

End of Angel Fall
Misha however, appears before them, determined to eliminate the spellcaster. Touma tries to plead to Misha, stating that even though his father's appearance has not change, he has no idea regarding Angel Fall. Kaori arrives shortly, threatening Misha in harming humans without permission; here, she states that the person before them is not Misha but someone who is using the appearance of Sasha Kruezhev. Kaori states that Misha is the one who was affected by the Angel Fall, an angel who has fallen from heaven, who has come to eliminate the culprit behind Angel Fall and return to heaven.

Misha turns afternoon to night, and unleashes a magical array into the sky preparing to unleash The Sweep, a devastating spell said to have destroyed an ancient civilization. Kaori orders Touma to take his father and find away to stop Angel Fall, before the angel uses The Sweep, while she handles the angel. Though reluctant to leave Kaori behind, Touma concedes and takes his father away from the scene.

Kaori fends off Misha by using the techniques she learned back when she was still the leader of the Amakusa, however, she is quite aware of her limitations, and keeps on the defensive, unable to attack Misha.

Meanwhile, Touma and Touya returns to the resort to find that Motoharu has knocked out everyone. Here, he states to Touma that Touya is indeed the caster of Angel Fall, though he himself is unaware of this. According to Motoharu, Touya followed the principles of feng-shui and arranged his souvenirs in his house to create the ritual location for Angel Fall, activating it only after they left the house without locking it. Angel Fall was activated out of sheer coincidence.

Motoharu begins threatening them, saying that he needs to kill the spellcaster as he is unable to destroy the ritual location. Touma becomes angry because of this, and states that he will not allow anyone to be sacrificed; he attacks Motoharu but is quickly beaten by him. Touya is also incapicated as well.

Touma however, realizes that Motoharu is trying to cast a magic spell even though he is an esper, which he knows would probably kill him. Touma pleads to Motoharu to stop, but is told by him he will not. Motoharu apologizes to Touma for beating him up, as that was the only way to allow him to cast magic without any interruption, as Touma is similar to Kaori, as they would both stop at nothing to prevent Motoharu from doing this to himself. Motoharu’s last words to Touma are that he is a liar.

Motoharu’s spell is completed, and a stream of light rushes forth from the resort and into the horizon, destroying the ritual location – Touma’s parent’s house. At the same time as this, Misha’s form crumbles into nothing, and a battle-weary Kaori falls to her knees, thanking Touma.

Aftermath
Touma returns to Academy City and is being treated in the frog-faced doctor’s hospital. Here, he discovers that Motoharu is still alive, despite his injuries after using magic. Motoharu states that he lied that he would die if he used magic, as his esper power – Auto-Rebirth allows him to use magic a few more times. Motoharu then states he also lied about him being a spy in Academy City, and that he is actually a double-agent, and states that is also a lie as well and says that he is actually a agent for multiple organizations.

This irritates Touma, until he is calmed down by Motoharu bringing in his parents in his ward. Here, he sees his mother’s true form for the first time. However, their reunion is interrupted after they state that their house has been destroyed by unknown force and is forced to move into their old house – where Touma was born. This angers Touma, and tries to confront Motoharu, however, he has already left, and only to be greeted by a livid Index who then bites Touma for all his abuse on her during their time at the resort.

Effects and implications in later events
Though seemingly an innocuous event, the fall of the angel sets-up various events later in the series, such as the switching of the alignment of angels to their elements. The angel that has fallen from heaven was Archangel Michael using the powers of Archangel Gabriel.

With the angel taking in the form of the human Sasha Kruezhev, left a large amount of residual telesma inside her which would allow Fiamma of the Right, leader of God's Right Seat to summon Archangel Gabriel into the world even though he is normally aligned to Michael, this is due to switching of the elements.

Trivia

 * This arc is notable for being highly edited for the anime adaptation, notably the removal of Hino Jinsaku.
 * This arc does not appear in the manga version, though some of the characters that appear in the arc, is featured in a short omake. Also, it is shown that Touma and Index some how went to the beach, though this it is not shown whether or not the events of this arc actually occurred off-screen.