Setting

This article describes the details of the in which Toaru Majutsu no Index and other stories in the Toaru series take place, that of an alternate Earth in the early 21st century.

World and Physics
In terms of particle physics, some previously theorized particles are confirmed to be present and in certain cases, utilized in certain technology and supernatural powers, such as with s.

With regards to dimensions, excluding the phases, there are multiple dimensions beyond the standard perceivable ones which have been confirmed. Some supernatural powers interact with and utilize these dimensions and phenomena tied to them, such as with Curtana's dimensional slicing and the debris produced by it, and some require them to be taken into account, such as in the calculations used by Teleporters.

Alongside conventional matter and substances, there are a number of substances which have been artificially created, or are the result of supernatural powers and phenomena.

Microcosm and Macrocosm
A key aspect of the Toaru universe is the connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm, which is crucial to the existence and mechanisms of supernatural powers.

Supernatural Powers
One of the most distinctive aspects of the Toaru universe is the existence of supernatural powers and abilities. These include both Esper abilities, derived from Personal Reality and associated with the Science Side, and Magic, derived from refined life-force as mana or other energies channeled into forms often based on religions, mythologies and folklore. There are also certain other powers which fall between or outside these two categories. Two examples of these are Imagine Breaker and World Rejecter, both powers which were crystallized from the collective wishes and desires of the world's magicians.

The division between Magic and Science Sides is actually one which was drawn by Aleister Crowley using the Archetype Controller for his own purposes, and the supernatural powers and phenomena associated with the two separate sides all fall under a single unified system. While they operate under different principles and risk a deadly rejection reaction when mixed, both magic and esper abilities involve the connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm.

Phases
Various religions and the actions of powerful beings have resulted in various layers, known as phases, being laid down upon the world. The phases act like filters, distorting the world, and often house energies and entities which can have a major impact if brought out into the main world. Beyond the phases lies a Pure World of science, untouched by magic or religion.

The collisions between the overlapping phases, as a result of their changing proximity and the use of magic, produce 'sparks', which have a thin but widespread influence on the world and its people, affecting fortune and misfortune.

Time
With regards to temporal mechanics, there are no (world in this case referring to the universe or reality itself). Instead the world is a straight line, compared by Kamisato Kakeru to a rubber string nailed onto a pachinko machine. Like a rubber string and like time or space, the world can stretch or contract. Partially due to this nature, there are a fair number of portions in the world that are unused, compared by Kamisato during his explanation of World Rejecter to being like the use of only ten frames when using sixty fps film, with no one noticing if subliminal footage was slipped into two or three of the leftover frames. The 'new world' which World Rejecter exiles its targets to is a region made up of unused space within the timeline.

There are very few supernatural powers which can travel through or manipulate the flow of time; aside from the application of a Magic God's power, only the Red Player, the White Player, and Alice Anotherbible are known to possess the ability to do so. There are however a number of abilities which are capable of foreseeing the future. Due to the nature of some of these abilities, producing predictions based on calculations within a set of dimensions, while the predictions made by the ability might not be overturned normally, some abilities which use other dimensions in calculations, such as the 11 dimensional calculation Teleport, are capable of defying the predictions. The power and existence of the Magic Gods can influence the rails of destiny, intentionally or not. Alice's Live Adventures in Wonderland, which allows her to form connections between subjects during her adventures, can alter reality to change how events will play out, and in at least one case, her ceasing the bridging caused events to revert and play out as they would have done without her influence.

Space
At present, there have also been no definitely confirmed extra-terrestrials.

There are various spells which rely on the positions of the stars and other celestial bodies in order to function, and a few very powerful beings are capable of manipulating them.

There are various aspects of the Toaru universe and subjects within it that are related to life and death, as well as the cycle and connection between them.

The boundary between is not clear cut, but once the line has been crossed, one cannot restore a life that has been lost without a power capable of rewriting the world. There are a number of beings who are or have achieved a form of immortality, and a few beings which exist in a state in between life and death.

There are various beliefs and theories concerning the existence of the soul and what happens to it when the body dies, but it remains a poorly understood subject on both magic and science sides. Among those who acknowledge its existence, some believe that a person's soul may move onto an afterlife realm (such as Heaven or Hell), or begin a new life in a cycle of reincarnation, while others posit that it is destroyed when the body it is tethered to dies. Various stories hold that some spirits that haven't passed on remain in the world as ghosts.

There are multiple fields, both magical and scientific, that are connected to life and death, and there are taboos associated with them on both sides of the world.

Planet Earth and Humanity
The world's current population is somewhere around seven and a half billion.

Geography
In terms of geography, countries are largely the same, though due to certain events, different countries have formed, such as the independent city state of Academy City in Tokyo, Japan, the Elizalina Alliance which split off from Russia,  the Condroniard Republic in Central America, and the Dialine Empire in Eastern Europe. There are also a few minor differences regarding landmasses, such as with Uphill Island.

There are a notable number of small nations and micronations, with the Condroniard Republic being a member of the UN yet smaller than a football field. The circumstances surrounding them became even more complicated in the aftermath of the Crowley's Hazards, with artificial islands and ship-towed floats set up as bases for reconstruction eventually starting to declare independence a few weeks later, resulting in a situation where countries were joining together and splitting apart in a relatively short space of time, such that problems arose noticing when a country's system or rulers were swapped out.

Countries featured and referenced in the series, and featured locations outside of these countries include:

Politics
There are a few differences with regards to politics. The G14 has been established, though its exact nature is currently unknown. There are also a few past enmities which have remained instead of fading, such as that between the United Kingdom and France, and a few different ties between countries.

Aside from regular governments, there are also the factions which make up the Magic and Science Sides. The main factions in the Science Side are Academy City and its cooperative institutions, while the Magic Side's main factions are the magical organizations within the major churchs, such as the Anglican Church's Necessarius, and various magic cabals. Many of these larger factions in the Magic and Science Sides exert an influence on the governments of the 'Normal Side' from behind the scenes.

One of the most important aspects of this hidden side to the world is the treaty between Magic and Science, an agreement which prevents the two sides from using the other's techniques and interfering with the others' affairs.

Space
Aside from traditional rocket-based launches, other ways of getting into space have been developed and implemented. Due to the advent of, which needs less land than multi-stage rockets, many new space programs have emerged, with smaller countries becoming able to start their own and many eager to prove themselves to sponsors. There is also a different distribution of launches between launch providers due to various circumstances, such as the agreement between India and the United Kingdom.

As well as the shuttles and rockets used by other spacefaring factions, Academy City and its cooperative institutions also have access to mass drivers and space planes, and have constructed a working space elevator, Endymion. Academy City has also maintained at least three major satellites in orbit, including the Hikoboshi II and the now-destroyed Orihime 1.

There has been no colonization of other worlds, though plans have been made and technologies developed for a mission to Mars, and technology with terraforming applications has been researched. Humanity has yet to confirm the existence of extra-terrestrials.

The field of space is one which has been a source of conflict between the Magic and Science Sides, being not well defined in the treaty between them. There are various spells which rely on the positions of the stars and other celestial bodies in order to function, and a few very powerful beings are capable of manipulating them.

Other
While a few real-life companies have appeared within the Toaru universe, a lot of similarities in terms of companies, corporations and brands, come in the form of parallels and parodies rather than direct appearances.

Many real-life annual holidays, celebrations and other notable annual occasions are observed within the Toaru universe, including but not limited to; New Year, Barentain Dē (バレンタイン・デー), Howaito Dē (ホワイトデー), Gōruden'Uīku (ゴールデンウィーク),  Natsuyasumi (夏休み) (July 20th - September 1st ), Harōin (ハロウィン), Christmas. , and winter vacation (冬休み) (before December 24th - Present).

Chronology
Though largely similar, the history of the Toaru universe has a number of differences, some due to the presence of supernatural powers, the scientific leaps brought about by Academy City and the various circumstances brought about by them, and some due to other circumstances. The years in which the series takes place aren't known exactly, though they are at some time in the early 21st century.