Divination

Divination (占い) is the process of acquiring insight into questions or situations (such as the foretelling of future events or remote and unseen circumstances), through the use of magic and the occult.

In both real and the Toaru series, there are many different methods of divination.

Etymology
Divination is derived from the Latin divinare, meaning "to foresee, to be inspired by a god" (related to divinus, divine).

Many terms used to describe variations of divination, which are derived from Ancient Greek compounds, include the suffix μαντεία (manteía), meaning "prophecy or divination." Examples include (divining from the dead),  (divining from cards) and  (divining from books).

Principles
There are many different methods of divination, across a variety of cultures and magical systems.

Astrology is one well-known means of divination, using the objects and phenomena in space, with variations found in different cultures across the world.

Another well-known method is through the of tarot cards, with meanings derived from the arrangements which the cards appear in.

is a method which is used with grimoires and other similar books. The user takes the grimoire, pictures their worries in their head and flips through the book, then they place their finger on a specific passage and read it to find the answer to their problem. There are also texts which are specifically compiled for divination purposes, such as from China.

Other methods include Necromancy (though in more recent times, this particular term also tends to cover manipulation of the dead other than for divination),, Kokkuri and Enochian chess.

For divination based on Necromancy, at least in the case of Isabella Theism's method of invoking a dead spirit to answer a question, it can only reveal lost information and cannot reveal information which can be found by methods available to the living.

Lie detectors based on fortune telling are common in the magic world, but they are difficult tricks to actually use as the spells require being in a limited one-on-one space like ordinary fortune telling and require the user to be focusing on a conversation with the target.

There are a number of divination methods connected to a person's skin and features:
 * Palm reading is a notable example of these divination methods. The Western form uses five lines and five bumps (or "mounts") on the palm. Examples of these lines include a curving line surrounding the base of the thumb and one starting between the base of the index and middle finger and continuing diagonally down towards the little finger - the line and the heart line. Although unusual to use this method to learn about others rather than the individual whose palm is being read, it is possible to do so - for example, the  line indicates the presence of danger to or the extent of one's, and if there is something nearby which would threaten their  or rattle their emotions, it would have an effect on the signs written on the palm.
 * Methods using faces include, proposed by in the 16th century, which determines someone's destiny based on the lines on their forehead, and , developed by  and several other magicians, which determines someone’s inner character by looking at their nose, mouth, and other facial features. Methods have also been developed to prevent someone from analyzing a person's face using the above methods or altering their face to give them the wanted destiny or personality.

Background
One particular case of divination which greatly influenced the events of the Toaru series was that of Allan Bennett, who through the use of tarot cards, foretold the of Aleister Crowley's future daughter Lilith Crowley through the effects of the 'sparks' from colliding phases, a phenomena which the Golden Dawn was contributing to. On learning this, Aleister would instigate the cabal's destruction and subsequently seek the destruction of the phases and all magic.

Daihasei Festival Arc (Index)
Tsuchimikado Motoharu made use of an Onmyoudou-based Divination Circle in order to track down Oriana Thomson during the events of the Daihaseisai.

Toaru Majutsu to Kagaku no Ensemble
Taking umbrage at Kamijou Touma's attitude towards fortune telling, Sozty Exica proceeded to read his fortune using Navagraha Astrology.

Toaru Majutsu no Index SS: Agnese's Magic Side Work Experience
During the summoning incident, simple map fortune telling was used to narrow down the possible location for the ceremonial ground to a 10km block, with other summoning ceremonies in the area experiencing 'interference'. Agnese Sanctis also made use of a lie detector spell with a pair of scissors, derived from fortune telling methods, while interrogating the five suspects.

Metoposcopy and physiognomy were mentioned as magical methods connected to reading people's faces, when Agnese, Lucia and Angelene pursued Monica, who used a spell to rip off her face during her escape from them in Zurich. During the assault on the Guild's base in, fortune telling was used by Anglican units out to sea to guide units on land once they had dealt with sources of "noise" onshore, and Agnese made use of Western-style palm reading to determine the presence of enemies behind a closed door. After the battle was over, Isabella Theism used necromancy to divine the location from which a stolen and deliberately destroyed statue was taken from, a lead for identifying Guild leader Tu.

Salome Arc
Weather Girls Sunny and Rain were mentioned as fortune tellers, who used fortune telling to gather information for the Kamisato Faction. Using a globe which provides a weather map of the planet and the movement of the stars, their fortune telling was noted to bypass conventional data protection and able to obtain precise information over a wide area.

Aleister Crowley Arc
During the recreation of Aleister Crowley's past, shown to Kamijou Touma in the Windowless Building, the events surrounding Allan Bennett's prophecy concerning Lilith Crowley's fate, derived from tarot-based divination, were shown.

Coronzon Arc
During the events surrounding the Crowley's Hazard invasion of the United Kingdom and the emergence of the recreated Golden Dawn, the method of bibliomancy with grimoires was mentioned, with regards to Aleister Crowley's use of it with the Book of the Law.

During the attack on the Queen Britannia, Mina Mathers considered the use of to determine the correct procedure for reaching the ship's temple, thinking that Coronzon may have taken measures against the use of Tarot for the purpose.

Christmas Eve Arc
Fortune telling was among the services provided by R&C Occultics.

New Year's Arc
During her conversation with Accelerator on January 1st regarding the Bridge Builders Cabal, Dion Fortune mentioned that her group had attempted to acquire a reading on Alice Anotherbible via horoscope.

On the night of January 3th, the Bologna Succubus used a succubus-specific form of divination to locate Anna Sprengel for Mut Thebes, while the next morning Aradia used crystal divination, with Touma's Imagine Breaker being used to wipe the leftover traces of power afterwards.