Greek Mythology

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Greek Mythology (ギリシャ神話, Girisha Shinwa^?) is the mythology of the ancient Greeks. A large part of Roman mythology is derived from Greek mythology and it forms the foundation of what is known as Classical Mythology.

Principles

This section requires expansion Engraving gods' names into public sites

As a mythology with a pantheon of gods, it operates similarly to Norse Mythology. As gods of polytheistic religion, they have emotions similar to those of humans such as love, justice, fear, and jealousy, and having doubts and failures like any one else. These gods aren't perfect, and such as when combined in a single group, complemented each other's weaknesses, creating a single flexible system, a sturdy defense system that could not be overcome by any foe.

Like a number of other mythologies, the primary deities, or theoi in Ancient Greek, of Greek mythology, the Olympians, are a younger generation of gods who fought against an older, more chaotic generation of gods, in this case the Titans, conquering them and taking their place as rulers of the cosmos.

There were a number of contemporary belief systems and sub-sets, some more connected to the main mythology than others, which were present around similar times and places (Orphism being one among them). These included cults whose practices and beliefs were only open to initiates, known as Mysteries.

Background

This section requires expansion The Guild, transition from Greek age to Roman age, Renaissance

In the past, as is often the case when people encounter other cultures and are faced with something they don't understand, the ancient Greeks, who had pride in their own intelligence and culture, and believed themselves to be the world standard, forcibly applied their own knowledge and preconceptions to interpreting other cultures, such as with the Egyptians and their mythology, resulting in interpretations of cultures which mixed in their own biases, misconceptions and preconceptions. These interpretations and other European misconceptions have resulted in a distorted imagining of Egyptian Mythology spreading and persisting to the present day.

As the Greek age led into the Roman age, Greek lands and culture were absorbed by Rome, resulting in Rome's indigenous mythology being overwritten in the process.

Though pure Greek mythology-based Magic isn't used much in the main story of Toaru Majutsu no Index, it has been mentioned as a potential magical format, and as one of the many religions and mythologies which have caused Phases to be created over the world.

Greek mythology was one of several fields which influenced the development of Hermeticism, which would become part of the foundation of the Golden Dawn.

Chronology

Shinyaku Toaru Majutsu no Index

Coronzon Arc

Main article: Coronzon Arc

During the invasion of London by the Crowley's Hazards, the defenders deployed Divine Mixtures, capital defense spiritual items derived from interpretations of Egyptian Mythology distorted by the Greeks and based on combined divinities of the two mythologies.

Souyaku Toaru Majutsu no Index

New Year's Arc

Main article: New Year's Arc

During Touma's visit to School District 12 on January 1st, it was noted that there were Greek-related constructions among the religious facilities there, merely reproductions from a scientific perspective without anything relating to magic. On January 3rd, figures from Greek mythology were among the deities referenced during the battles with Trismegistus, who invoked deities associated in Liber 777 into a triangle with himself.

Hell Tour Arc

Main article: Hell Tour Arc

During their journey through 'hell' on January 7th, Kamijou Touma, Anna Kingsford and Johann Valentin Andreae encountered numerous Greek monsters manifested as hell's gatekeepers.

Uses of Greek Mythology in the story

Figures & Individual Beings

Name	Description	Usage in Toaru Majutsu no Index
Aphrodite	Goddess of love.	There is a clothing brand named Demeter & Aphrodite.
Arachne	A skilled but prideful weaver who competed against the goddess Athena in a weaving contest and was turned into a spider afterwards.	A spiritual item used by a Maid of Honor is named Arachne 8.
Artemis	Goddess of the moon and the hunt.	Aleister Crowley refers to Artemis while inspecting the female body of an alternative possibility of himself. One of the Divine Mixtures, Tefnut-Artemis, incorporates aspects of this deity.
Charon	The ferryman of the underworld, who transports the souls of the recently deceased across the rivers Styx and Acheron.	Charon's ferry was mentioned as an example of ships used to travel between realms, such as the world of the living and the afterlife.
Cybele	An ancient Anatolian goddess representating the personification of motherhood that eventually made its way into Greek and Roman mythology.	Aleister Crowley refers to Cybele while inspecting the female body of an alternative possibility of himself. Mugino Shizuri used a shampoo which is named "Cybele #5".
Daedalus	A skillful architect and craftsman who constructed two pairs of wings out of wax and feathers so his son Icarus and him could use them to try to fly.	Daedalus Sequenzia's name derives from the Greek mythological character of the same name.
Demeter	Goddess of the harvest and agriculture.	Aleister Crowley refers to Demeter while inspecting the female body of an alternative possibility of himself. Proserpina's planetary-scale artificial ice age spell is based on how Persephone/Proserpina's mother, Demeter/Ceres made it so that spring wouldn't come to the world until she found her daughter. One of the Divine Mixtures, Isis-Demeter, incorporates aspects of this deity. There is a clothing brand named Demeter & Aphrodite.
Dionysus	The god of wine-making, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, festivity, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and theater.	During the raid on the Guild's base on Thira, Isabella Theism referred to Dionysus alongside Orpheus and Persephone while wondering what they might find with a Greek secret society
Endymion	A mortal loved by the moon goddess Selene and placed in eternal sleep.	Endymion was the name given to a space elevator which was the focus of the film Toaru Majutsu no Index: Miracle of Endymion.
Hades	The god of the dead and the king of the underworld.	One of the Divine Mixtures, Osiris-Hades, incorporates aspects of this deity. Hades was referenced during Thirteen Death's first encounter with Kamijou Touma and Othinus, among other gods related to death, while talking about their nature, power and role.
Hecate	A goddess of magic and witchcraft.	Aleister Crowley refers to Hecate while inspecting the female body of an alternative possibility of himself. The fourth part of Lilith Crowley's full name is Hecate. Aradia referred to Hecate as an example of how ancient goddesses of wisdom would view the world from three perspectives while providing the priestess serving them with a powerful protection, while invoking the night, moon and witches, and the 'triple goddess'.
Hermes	The herald of the gods.	Being at the foundation of Trismegistus's legend and one of the Transcendent's default initials, Hermes is one of the gods invoked by H. T. Trismegistus, as part of a triangle utilizing correspondence in Liber 777.
Hypnos	The personification and God of Sleep.	Hypnos is a movie that is an experimental visual experience according to Kinuhata Saiai, where the audience is strapped into their seats for twenty-four hours straight.
Leto	A daughter of the Titans Coeus and Phoebe, and the mother of Apollo and Artemis.	One of the Divine Mixtures, Wadjet-Leto, incorporates aspects of this deity.
Nyx	The goddess and personification of the night.	Nyx appeared as one of hell's gatekeepers during the Hell Tour.
Orpheus	A legendary Thracian bard, renowned for music that could charm all living things, who was a member of the Argonauts and famously descended into the underworld in a failed attempt to recover his wife Eurydice.	During the raid on the Guild's base on Thira, Isabella Theism referred to Orpheus alongside Dionysus and Persephone while wondering what they might find with a Greek secret society The story of Orpheus's failed attempt to rescue his wife from the underworld, due to looking back too soon, was mentioned during the Hell Tour.
Pan	A god of the wild, with the hindquarters, legs and horns of a goat.	Coronzon refers to Pan while discussing the origins of demon horns, from ancient male gods as symbols of reproductive power, with Hamazura Shiage.
Panacea	A goddess of universal health and the daughter of Asclepius and Epione.	One of the few goals held by the old-style Rosicrucian magic cabal. It generally refers to an all-purpose medicine. Othinus thought that might be the role of Kamijou Touma's right hand.
Persephone	The daughter of the agricultural goddess Demeter and Queen of the Underworld, whose abduction by Hades, and the subsequent arrangement to have her spend half of the year with him and half of it with her mother, led to the changing seasons. The goddess of the dead, the underworld, grain, and nature.	A member of the true Gremlin bears the name of Persephone's Roman counterpart, Proserpina. Proserpina also makes use of a planetary-scale artificial ice age spell based on how her mother made it so that spring wouldn't come to the world until she found her daughter. Aspects of Persephone's myth, namely the pomegranate seeds which bound her to the underworld when consumed, are used by Kihara Yuiitsu, through the attenuated St. Germain virus, in a spell meant to appear like Proserpina's magic. During the raid on the Guild's base on Thira, Isabella Theism referred to Persephone alongside Dionysus and Oprheus while wondering what they might find with a Greek secret society
Prometheus	One of the Titans, who defied Zeus in stealing fire and granting it to humanity.	Mina Mathers was compared to Prometheus in the way she crafted the Golden Dawn's cards and ceremonial tools and inspired magicians with her art, like him giving fire to humanity.
Urania	Daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, and muse of astronomy.	The goddess's name is included in the name of the Golden Dawn's Isis-Urania Temple.
Zeus	King of the gods and god of the sky.	One of the Divine Mixtures, Ra-Zeus, incorporates aspects of this deity. Zeus was one of the gods invoked by Trismegistus, as part of a triangle utilizing correspondence in Liber 777.

Weapons & Artifacts

Name	Description	Usage in Toaru Majutsu no Index
Ambrosia	The fruit of the gods which bestows immortality.	Ambrosia appears as the cause of Ladylee Tangleroad's immortality.
Orichalcum	A legendary metal that was mentioned by Plato as used in Atlantis.	In the anime version of Esther Rosenthal's past with Hishigata Mikihiko and Hirumi, a supposed sample of orichalcum was among the occult relics brought into the possession of the research team prior to her arrival. Orichalcum was mentioned during a description of the Relic Level 5's ability and its potential to create new substances.
Sword of Damocles	A sword which was hung over Damocles as he was allowed to sit on the throne by his king, to illustrate the perils that came with kingship.	The legend was apparently recreated as a test of courage for royalty and nobility to prove their worth, and the sword was later used against Aleister Crowley following his defeat by Kamijou Touma.

Races & Creatures

Name	Description	Usage in Toaru Majutsu no Index
Cerberus	A multi-headed dog that guards the gates of the underworld.	Cerberus appeared as one of hell's gatekeepers during the Hell Tour.
Gryphon	Legendary creature with the body, back limbs and tail of a lion, as well as the wings, head, and front legs from an eagle.	Alice Anotherbible is capable of summon a Gryphon as one of her trump card.
Harpy	A half-human and half-bird, often believed to be a personification of storm winds.	A harpy appeared as one of hell's denizens during the Hell Tour.
Hydra	A multiple-headed and poisonous serpent, dwelling in a swamp near Lake Lerna, which Heracles was tasked to slay as his Second Labor.	An artificial specimen owned by Biohacker Matsuo Ryuusuke was named Hydra.
Karkinos	A crab sent to hinder Heracles during his attempt to slay the Lernaean Hydra, later made into the constellation Cancer.	An artificial specimen owned by Biohacker Matsuo Ryuusuke was named Karkinos.
Medusa	A monster said to have the face of a female human, but with living poisonous snakes in place of hair and a gaze that can turn anyone who makes direct eye contact with her to stone.	Mitsuari Ayu, while equipping the FIVE_Over (Out_Sider) - Modelcase_"MENTAL_OUT" and wearing the "Fat Misaki" Designers' Gel suit, references Medusa and compares her appearance to her in attempt to disturb Shokuhou Misaki. She also references the legend on how Medusa was turned into a monster and how the story of her hideous appearance terrifying people as if they were turned into stone evolved into her literally having the power to turn people into stone.
Minotaur	A mythical creature with the head and tail of a bull and the body of a man.	A Minotaur appeared as one of hell's gatekeepers during the Hell Tour.
Phoenix	A legendary immortal bird which burns its body and is regenerated or reborn from the flames or ashes in a cyclic renewal. First attributed to ancient Egypt (and Heliopolis) by the ancient Greek writer Herodotus in the 5th century BCE. but suspected not to actually have been a part of Egyptian mythology and originated in Greek folklore, the phoenix has analogues in various other cultures.	Mut Thebes's full power is derived from a fusion of the phoenix and the vulture symbolizing the goddess Mut, the Dead Phoenix.
Siren	A creature, who lured sailors with their enchanting music and singing voices to shipwreck on the coast of their island.	Siren is the name of a known individual Stativarius.
Titans	An earlier race of gods who were overthrown by the Olympians.	Marian Slingeneyer uses Dáinsleif to summon one of them by cutting away the Olympus Phase.
Typhon	A monstrous giant born of Gaia and Tartarus, who attempted to overthrow Zeus and was buried under Mount Etna after an immense battle. He also fathered many monsters with his mate Echidna.	The syncretized entity Typhon-Set was mentioned alongside Belzébuth with regards to Mathers and the Madame Horos incident.

Other

Name	Description	Usage in Toaru Majutsu no Index
Acheron	The 'river of woe', one of five rivers in the Greek underworld.	The Acheron is mentioned during the Hell Tour.
Cocytus	The 'river of wailing', one of five rivers in the Greek underworld.	Cocytus Replica is one of several Grand Magic spells mentioned by Tsuchimikado Motoharu. The Cocytus is mentioned during the Hell Tour.
Hermeticism	A magic system that is based primarily upon the writings attributed to Hermes Trismegistus ("Thrice Great").	Hermeticism, also called Hermetism, comprises beliefs and practices whose purpose is the influencing of the world through the three parts of the wisdom are: Alchemy, Astrology, and Theurgy.
Mount Olympus	The tallest mountain in Greece, on top of which the Gods are said to dwell.	Mount Olympus is referred to by Othinus as one of the various Phases applied to the world. The seven stars of Olympus are referred to during Index's analysis of the grimoire content in the Windowless Building.
Sibyl	A priestess who could look into the future, though the term can also designate any female prophet.	According to Stiyl Magnus, Ladylee Tangleroad was once a Greek sibyl specializing in astrology.
Styx	The 'river of oaths', one of five rivers in the Greek underworld.	The Styx is mentioned during the Hell Tour.
Phlegethon	The 'river of fire', one of five rivers in the Greek underworld.	The Phlegethon is mentioned during the Hell Tour.

External Links

• Greek mythology (Wikipedia article)
• Classical mythology (Wikipedia article)
• The Theoi Project